Vascular Anomalies (birthmark) consist of various congenital lesions ranging from simple skin discolorations to large devastating vascular malformations

 Misdiagnosis & mistreatment are common (50% or higher !)

Common birthmarks include hemangioma, port-wine stain, venous malformation, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma, and various complex vascular syndromes (Klippel-Trenaunay, Parkes-Weber, Proteus, Maffucci, Blue-rubber bleb nevus)

 Most birthmarks can be treated with laser, sclerotherapy or embolization

Disease Conditions

        Reading Materials - Presentations - PDF Files

• RSNA Presentation (2006): Pediatric Extremity Vascular Anomalies

• Diagnostic Workup for Suspected Vascular Birthmarks

• Pathogenesis of hemangioma (D. Marchuk, Duke University)

• Update on hemangioma (J. Mulliken, Harvard Medical School)

• Angiogenesis: Potentials for Pharmacologic Intervention

• Vascular Anomalies of the Foot and Ankle

• Vascular Birthmarks and Other Vascular & Lymphatic Abnormalities

• Vascular Birthmarks (Cleveland Clinic / Disease Management Project)

• Classification of venous malformations in children

• Treatment of vascular anomalies for orthopaedic surgeons

• Pulmonary AVM: Diagnosis, Treatment & Management

• Proceedings / Research Workshop on Infantile Hemangiomas (2005)

                                  Recent Literature (PDF Files & Abstracts)